Cromwell fleetwood vabley



c; F. VARLEY.Y Telegraph lnsultors.

Patented April 7, 1868.

NJETiRS, PMOnLl-ITWOMAPMEF, WSMXNGON. IIC.

ononwnni. FLEErwooDi/ARLEY, or NEW YORK, N. Y,

Letters .Patent No. 76,358, dated April '1, 1868.

y 'IMPROVEMENT IN ELECTRIG TELEGRAPHS. v

.- 'iln Srlgtbulenfcrrtt tu iii tlgrse htitts atmtzmt mating aan nt tige same.

,lv-Seit lcnown that I, CnoMwELL FLEE'rWooD VARLEY, a British subject, but now residing in the city, county, and State oi' New York, have invented certain new and useful Improvements .in Insulators for Electric Telegraphs; and I do hereby declare that the following is a full, clenr,and eimct description thereof, reference` being had to the accompanying drawings, making part of this speciiication.

The first part of` my said invention relates to a method ofrendering insulators 'for telegraphic wires more perfect and reliable than as constructed prior to my said invention; .and this part of my said invention consists in constructing them of two or more insulating portions, one withi'n the other, so that if one should fail the other or others may prevent the escape or leak.

The modes of construction w'hich I prefer for 4this part of my said invention will beseen in 'Figures 1, -2, and 3 ot' the accompanying diawiugs,`which are vertical sections, and in these drawings, a represents the cap, made ot' porcelain, learthenware, or glass, or other non-conducting substance, and with a groove, k, in the periphery to receive the telographic wire. It is hollow to receive an inner or second in'sulator, Iz, which I prefer to make of vulcanite or hard' India rubber, formed directly on the pin c, or secured thereto by means ot` inter poscdplaster of Paris or equivalent cement. and then this inner insulator so secured to the' pin, is secured to the inside of the cap ,in like manner by cement. The pin is properly formed at tlie other end with a shoulder and stem, n, so that it can be secured to onel of the arms d of a. telegraph-post by a nut, m. But inst-cad of the above mode of construction, the pine vmay be made of porcelain, earthenware, orglass, of the t'orui represented in iig. 3, and secured to the iusideof the cap a, and with the lower end ilat, and with a shoulder, that it may rcst againstand on the arm, d, of the pole, to which it can`be secured by a screwlbolt, g, and nut m,

The second part of my said invention relatesto a method of rendering the caps of insulators, when marie of porcelain or other earthernware, less liable to discharge currents of electricity by moisture, whilst at the same time their non-conducting property can be successfully tested; and this part'of my invention consists -in glazing, by anyof the known modes of glazing, such material, .the outside and' inside of the cap; on the outside from the upper part of the groove for the reception of the wire, and .inside downwards from the part which is to be .secured by cement'to the inner insulator, and leaving the upper part unglazed. The glazing of the surface materially reduces capillary attraction, and in consequence` moisture will run oi'f instead of remaining on the surface,`as it would if unglazed, and the presence of moisture on the part above the Wire will produc-c no evil consequences, but if the upper surface were also glazed, it would preventthe proper test from being applied. The usual mode ot" testing such caps before they are secured to the pins is topartly fill them with dilute sulphuric acid, and place them in an inverted position in a shallow vessel containing the above solution of acid, and aftersoaking for s ome hours, apply an electric current, and ifany pass through, the cap must be rejected as being unsound. If the whole surface were glazed, the glazing alone would prevent the passage of the current even if the body were unsound, and'as the glazing on the upperportion would soon'crack bythe action oi the elements, the defects in the body not discovered by the test would soon render the insulator imperfect; but by my said improvement I am enabled to applyvthe test efectually, whilst at the saine time the advantages of glazing -thc surface are obtained as eii'ectually as if 'the whole surface were glazed.

The third part of my said invention consists in making the lower outer edge ofthe insulator sharp, but on the inside rounded, as represented in figs. 1, 2, and 3 of the accompanying drawings.,l This form prevents in a great measure the drops of rain, when blowninward, from breaking into spray and moistening the inside of the insulator. As the rain runs down the ou'ter surface, it reaches the lower edge in drops. The majority of those drops of rain are carried around the rim ofthe insulator until they reach the leeward side of it, and there they break oiiat the sharp edge, and are blown away from, .not into, the insulator.

And the last part of my said invention consists in making porcelain or earthenware insulator-caps with projecting cnrs above and below the groove for the reception of the irc, the more effectually to Vhohl the wires in place. This part of my invention is represented in FigurcsQ/g, 6, and 7 oi' the accompanying drawings, figs. 4 and 5 being elevations, and iigs. 6 and 7 plan views. And in the said figures, a represents the 4cap, i the lower, andj the upper ears, and Z .the wire between the ears, andin the groove c. Fromitheforegoing ift will be seen that after the wirelhas been inserted, it is eiectually held in the groove Ic by the t-wo oars which-are I above andbelow it, and which extend outside of itfand as the two ears are not in the`snme vertical plane, but one is some distance from'the other, by inclnngtlle wire as represented by dollcd lines ing. 4, oiiuclining the cap so as to be :it a like angle with the wire, so thutthe'n'irewill enter between the two cars, and tlieninrnpletely embrued by the two ears, so that itlcunnotbe gotten out.

In the above specification the cementA used for uniting the caps together is not considered :is mdnsulntor, because in practice it is rarely found tobe'sueh. Sulphur should be carefully ovoided in insulators, because it s very liable to expand in time and burst the insulator.- It'invariably cracks upon cooling; end admits moisture, und therefore it annot be u sed as an insulator per se. l

What-I claim as my inventiomnnd desire tosecure'byLetters;Patent, 55...' A v 1. Making insulators foxutelegrnph-wiijes of two or more insulating caps', exclusive oi' t'hecement .vhich others shall arrest the electric current, as set forth.'

covered with hard rubber, or being formed of stoneware or porcelain, substentinlly :is:r described.

3. Glazing the lover part of porcelain or stoneware or earthenwore' craps, and leaving the upper part ngioz'ed,

subtantinlly as und for.the,purpo,ses Asel: forth@ j I Y v' l .I 4. Making thelower edge o f the insnlntor-cnp externally sharp, but internally rounded, so that drops of attrziction, u'p the rounded surface out of the windfsubstantiall-y' Las set forth.4A

5. Making poreelain lor stoneware -or es rtheuwate caps )with twoformore projecting ears, in combination with A:ind urrongedlabove and belowlthe groove Vfor lthe nire; so that When `the insulatoris inclined to the wire, the latter cn vbe inserted, but when at right ongles-to it, the latter annotbe gotten out, as set forth.V

A C. F. VARLEY.

Witnesses.

WM. H. Bisson. l y A.DBLMY. 5 y u l' Y 1 ing the wire or the cap to the position represented bythe full lines in tliesxid ligure', the wire becomes cour" y.: v i unites them, each cap being a complete insulator in itself, so 'that if one of the caps be defective, the' other .orv

'2. The use of a non-conducting pinlinside an insulating cap, such pin 'being' constructed of iron or steel min, whe blown Duim-d'5, shalifn 'Qmnd when' mm1 'inward shan' einen ofn-butrumby etpnrmyf- 

